·经验与总结·

多指标联合预测急诊胸痛患者的心血管不良事件

李春蓉,黄发贵,王 欢

(遵义医学院第五附属珠海医院急诊科,广东 珠海 519100)

【摘要】目的:探讨血清B型脑钠肽(BNP)联合急性胸痛评分对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件的预测价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的588例急性胸痛患者的临床资料,计算患者心肌梗死溶栓疗法(TIMI)评分、全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分,检测血清BNP并进行30 d随访。采用Logistic回归进行多因素的分析;用ROC曲线下面积来评价评分的方法对不良事件的预测能力。结果急诊入院的患者TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP水平均高于急诊观察的患者(P<0.05),30 d死亡的患者TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP水平均高于生存下来的患者(P<0.05),有其他重要不良症状的患者这三项指标与无不良症状患者比较均有升高(P<0.05)。TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件的预测结果准确。结论血清B型脑钠肽联合急性胸痛评分及对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件可起到很好的预测作用,对合理地区分急性胸痛患者中的高危患者提供良好的依据。

【关键词】急性胸痛;TIMI评分;GRACE评分;血清BNP

急性胸痛疾病的原因非常复杂,病情往往很危重,而且很多因素会影响该病的预后[1]。对该病进行死亡风险的评估,可以对高危的患者实施手术治疗干预,对低危的患者急性分诊治疗[2]。目前,临床上对该病患者风险的评价方法主要有以下两种:心肌梗死溶栓疗法(the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)评分和全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events,GRACE)评分[3]。本研究探讨TIMI评分、GRACE评分以及血清B型脑钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)评价急性胸痛患者预后是否可行,评估该方法对急性胸痛患者急诊入院、急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PIC)、30 d死亡等心血管的不良事件预测价值,从而提高预后判断的能力和临床的治疗水平。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取我院2011年9月至2016年9月收治的急性胸痛患者588例,其中:男426例,女162例;年龄40~76岁,平均(56.2±11.8)岁;高血压病患者325例,2型糖尿病患者112例,脑血管疾病患者23例,高脂血症患者98例,肺部慢性疾病患者30例;心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级524例,心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级64例;急性前壁心肌梗死患者163例,急性下壁心肌梗死患者52例,急性正后壁、下壁右室心肌梗死患者92例,不稳定型心绞痛患者58例,急性肺动脉栓塞患者56例,主动脉夹层患者167例; 235例患者送急诊观察,353例患者急诊入院治疗;206例进行PCI手术,发生其他重要的不良事件患者58例,53例患者30 d内死亡(病死率9.01%)。

1.2 方法 统计并分析所有患者的基本资料,进行为期30 d的观察随访。根据患者的心电图、病史以及实验室多项检查等计算患者的TIMI评分和GRACE评分,并详细记录[4]。根据心内科医师对患者临床体征的判断,确定患者是否需要接受急诊PCI或者转入急诊监护室进行治疗。TIMI评分和GRACE评分中,心肌中肌钙蛋白I≥0.05 μg/L为心肌酶增高,心电图ST段上移或下移≥0.05 mV为变化[5]

1.3 统计学分析 以统计学软件SPSS20.0对相关数据进行处理。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,采用Logistic回归进行多因素的分析[6];评分的方法对不良事件的预测能力分辨度用ROC曲线下面积来评价[7]P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结 果

2.1 不同分诊患者进行TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP的比较 急诊入院的患者TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP水平均高于急诊观察的患者(P<0.05),30 d死亡的患者TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP水平均高于生存下来的患者(P<0.05),有其他重要不良事件的患者这三项指标与无不良事件患者比较均有升高(P<0.05)。结果详见表1。

1不同分诊患者进行TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP的比较

项 目GRACE评分/分TIMI评分/分BNP/(ng·L-1)分诊情况 急诊入院149.8±12.41)3.6±0.91)1396.8±12.61) 急诊观察98.5±10.21.5±0.6279.4±8.530d内结局 死亡158.5±4.61)2.8±0.31)2997.6±17.31) 存活126.3±9.42.3±0.4738.4±9.8接受PCI治疗 是148.6±13.83.6±0.21413.2±15.6 否118.6±9.62.3±0.9738.2±7.8其他重要不良事件 有152.6±4.51)3.4±0.21)2512.6±12.81) 无126.4±5.82.3±0.4746.8±11.4

注: 1)与同一项目下另一子项比较P<0.05

2.2 TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件的预测 采用Logistic回归进行多因素的分析,用ROC曲线下面积来评价评分的方法对不良事件进行预测,TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件的预测结果准确。结果详见表2。

2 TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件的预测

项 目急诊入院30d内死亡PCI其他重要不良事件AUC95%CIAUC95%CIAUC95%CIAUC95%CIGRACE评分0.8650.842~0.9020.6320.574~0.7370.7530.706~0.7880.6530.576~0.724TIMI评分0.9070.879~0.9320.4380.342~0.5430.7180.682~0.7660.6740.606~0.739BNP0.7760.736~0.8150.5020.396~0.6060.7820.742~0.8190.6180.532~0.710

3 讨 论

急诊胸痛患者通常病情危重,而病情发展迅速[8]。对该病进行死亡风险的评估,可以对高危的患者实施手术治疗干预,对低危的患者急性分诊治疗。简便而实用的评估方法对确定患者的治疗方案意义重大[9]。TIMI评分、GRACE评分和BNP对于评价急诊胸痛患者的预后有很大的作用,对心血管等不良事件可起到较好的预测作用[10]

本研究结果表明,TIMI评分和GRACE评分的计算简便易行,该方法可以更全面合理地对预后进行判断。血清BNP也同样可以独立地对患者的预后进行预测,将三者结合起来,结果更加准确。

由此可见,血清B型脑钠肽联合急性胸痛评分对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件起到了很好的预测作用,对合理地区分急性胸痛患者中的高危患者提供了良好的依据。

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Prediction of adverse cardiovascular events in emergency department patients with chest pain using BNP combined with acute chest pain score

LI Chunrong, HUANG Fagui, WANG Huan

(Emergency Department, Zhuhai Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519100, China)

【Abstract】Objective: To investigate the value of serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) combined with acute chest pain score in the prediction of adverse cardiovascular events in emergency department patients with chest pain.MethodsThe clinical data of 588 emergency patients with chest pain in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed; the TIMI score and GRACE score were calculated, and the BNP levels were detected. All patients were followed up for 30 days. Logistic regression was used to conduct multiple factors analysis, and the area under the ROC curve was used to evaluate the ability to predict the adverse events.ResultsThe TIMI score, GRACE score and BNP levels were higher in emergency admission patients than those in emergency observation patients (P<0.05). Patients who died within 30 days showed higher TIMI score, GRACE score and BNP levels than the survival patients (P<0.05). The above three indicators were all higher in patients with other important adverse events than those in patients without adverse cardiovascular events (P<0.05). The TIMI score, GRACE score, and BNP were accurate in predicting adverse cardiovascular events in emergency department patients with chest pain.ConclusionBNP combined with acute chest pain score is a good predictor of cardiovascular adverse events in emergency department patients with acute chest pain, which provides a basis for differentiating high-risk patients with acute chest pain.

【Keywords】acute chest pain; TIMI score; GRACE score; serum BNP

通信作者:李春蓉,r038730@163.com

【中图分类号】R54

【文献标识码】A

DOI:10.11851/j.issn.1673-1557.2018.01.015

优先数字出版地址:http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51.1688.R.20180116.1334.016.html

(收稿日期:2017-03-15)